Although the three methods presented below solve some trigonometric equations, they do not solve all trigonometric equation.
Rewrite as a Polynomial Equation: If the given trigonometric equation is given such that replacing the trigonometric function with the variable \(u\) (or some variable that doesn’t appear in the given equation) results in a polynomial equation, then solve the corresponding polynomial equation for \(u\). Then substitute back the trigonometric function and either use the unit circle or the appropriate inverse trigonometric function to solve for the independent variable.
$$
\cos (3x-4) + 1 = -\cos (3x-4)
$$
Let \(u = \cos(3x-4)\), so that
$$
u + 1 = -u
$$
or
$$
u = \frac{-1}{2}.
$$
So,
$$
\cos (3x-4) = \frac{-1}{2}
$$
From the unit circle, we have that
$$
3x-4 = \pm\frac{5\pi}{6}+2n\pi,
$$
or
$$
x = \pm\frac{5\pi}{18}+\frac{4}{3}+\frac{2}{3}n\pi.
$$
[qed]
$$
\frac{7}{4}\tan^2(4x-\pi)-\frac{5}{2}= -\frac{9}{4}
$$
Let \(u = \tan(4x-\pi)\). Then
$$
\frac{7}{4}u^2-\frac{5}{2}= -\frac{9}{4}
$$
or
$$
u = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}
$$
So,
$$
\tan(4x-\pi) = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}.
$$
The unit circle won’t help here, so we make use of inverse trigonometric functions. So,
$$
4x-\pi = \tan^{-1}(1/\sqrt{7})
$$
or
$$
4x-\pi = \tan^{-1}(-1/\sqrt{7})
$$
That is,
$$
x = \frac{\tan^{-1}(1/\sqrt{7})+\pi}{4} + \frac{1}{4}n\pi
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{\tan^{-1}(-1/\sqrt{7})+\pi}{4} + \frac{1}{4}n\pi
$$
[qed]
$$
\cot x \cos^2 x = \frac{1}{2}\cot x
$$
Let \(u = \cot x\) and \(v = \cos x\), then
$$
u v^2 – \frac{1}{2}u = 0
$$
Now factor.
$$
u \left(v^2- \frac{1}{2} \right) = 0
$$
That is, either
$$
u = 0 \text{ or } v^2 -\frac{1}{2} = 0.
$$
That is, either
$$
\cot x = 0 \text{ or } \cos x = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.
$$
That is, either
$$
x = \pm\frac{\pi}{2} + 2 n \pi
$$
or
$$
x = \pm \frac{\pi}{4} + 2n \pi
$$
or
$$
x = \pm \frac{3\pi}{4} + 2n \pi
$$
[qed]
$$
2\sin^2 x – \sin x – 1 = 0
$$
Let \(u = \sin x\). Then
$$
2u^2 – u – 1 = 0.
$$
So,
$$
(2u+1)(u-1) = 0
$$
Therefore, either
$$
u = \frac{-1}{2} \text{ or } u = 1.
$$
So, either
$$
\sin x = \frac{-1}{2} \text{ or } \sin x = 1.
$$
That is, either
$$
x = \frac{-\pi}{6} + 2n\pi
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{-5\pi}{6} + 2n \pi
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{\pi}{2} + 2n\pi
$$
[qed]
$$
2\cos^2 x + 3\sin x -3 = 0
$$
Recall that \(\sin^2x + \cos^2 x = 1\), or \(\cos^2 x = 1-\sin^2x\).
So the given equation can be expressed as
$$
2(1-\sin^2 x) + 3 \sin x -3 =0
$$
or
$$
2\sin^2x -3 \sin x +1=0.
$$
Let \(u = \sin x.\) Then
$$
2u^2 – 3u +1 = 0
$$
or
$$
(2u-1)(u-1) = 0.
$$
That is,
$$
u = \frac{1}{2} \text{ or } u = 1.
$$
That is,
$$
\sin x = \frac{1}{2} \text{ or } \sin x = 1.
$$
That is, either
$$
x = \frac{\pi}{6} + 2n\pi
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2n \pi
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2n\pi
$$
[qed]
$$
\cos x + 1 = \sin x
$$
on \([0, 2\pi) \).
[qed]